SOLUTION AND EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOMENT

SOLUTIONS TO STOP UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA 

AND WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON EVERY INDIVIDUAL.

 AS WE ALREADY DISCUSSED ABOUT THE PROBLEMS CAUSED DUE TO THE UNEMPLOYMENT.

Following are the suggestions to solve unemployment problem:

(i) Change in industrial technique:

Production technique should suit the needs and means of the country. It is essential that labour intensive technology should be encouraged in place of capital intensive technology.

ii) Policy regarding seasonal unemployment:

Seasonal unemployment is found in agriculture sector and agro based industries.

To remove it:

(a) Agriculture should have multiple cropping,

(b) Plantations, horticulture, dairying and animal husbandry should be encouraged,

(c) Cottage industries should be encouraged.

(iii) Change in education system:

Educational pattern should be completely changed. Students who have liking for higher studies should be admitted in colleges and universities. Emphasis should be given on vocational education. Qualified engineers should start their own small units.

(iv) Expansion of Employment exchanges:

More employment exchanges should be opened. Information regarding employment opportunities should be given to people.

(v) More assistance to self employed people:

Most people in India are self employed. They are engaged in agriculture, trade, cottage and small scale industries etc. These persons should be helped financially, providing raw materials and technical training.

(vi) Full and more productive employment:

The main objective of county’s employment policy should be to increase employment opportunities and productivity of labour. Govt. should adopt a policy that provides employment to all people.

(vii) Increase in Production:

To increase employment, it is essential to increase production in agriculture and industrial sectors. Development of small and cottage industries should be encouraged.

(viii) More importance to employment programmes:

In five year plans more importance should be given to employment. The programmes like irrigation, roads, flood control, power, agriculture, rural electrification can provide better employment to people.

(ix) High rate of capital formation:

Rate of capital formation in the country should be accelerated. Capital formation should be particularly encouraged in such activities which generate greater employment opportunities. Capital output ratio should be kept low.

(x) Industries in co-operative sector:

Industries in co-operative sector should be encouraged. Kerala Govt.’ set up a textile mill covering 600 unemployed persons on co-operative basis. This is a novel approach to fight against unemployment. Different State Govt. should take necessary steps in this direction.

(xi) Decentralisation of industrial activity:

Decentralisation of Industrial activity is necessary to reduce unemployment. If industrial activities are centralised at one place, there will be less employment opportunities in the under developed areas. So Govt. should adopt such policies which encourage decentralisation of industrial activity.

(xii) Population control:

The growth of population should be checked in order to solve unemployment, problem. Family planning programme should be implemented widely and effectively.

SO THESE ARE SOME SUGGESTIONS WITH THIS WE CAN STOP THE PROBLEM OR WE CAN SAY THAT WE CAN MINIMIZE THE PROBLEM OF UNEMPLOYMENT.

SUMMARY OF SUGGESTIONS

=NOW WE WILL SEE THE EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS.

AS UNEMPLOYMENT HAS MANY EFFECTS ON AN INDIVIDUALS BUT IN THIS WE WILL TALK ABOUT THE MENTAL AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS ON AN INDIVIDUALS.

SO HERE WE GO,

THE MENTAL AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS ON INDIVIDUAL

Unemployment has a detrimental impact on mental health, as does poor quality employment. This long read is concerned mainly with unemployment and mental health. Entering the pandemic, unemployment in the UK was at a historic low, but has since begun to rise, and is expected to rise further, as a result of pandemic restrictions.

Policy measures to help manage the COVID-19 pandemic have now been in place for over a year. Two areas that have felt the continued impact of those restrictions are the UK’s labour market and the mental health of the population. The complex connection between mental health and unemployment means that systems designed to address one area must not neglect the other area.

Despite the extension of the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme to the end of September, the unemployment rate is still projected to reach a 7-year high by the end of 2021. Policies announced in the Budget are rightly focused on economic recovery and tackling the expected rise in unemployment. However, their impact will fall short unless they also tackle the mental health consequences of the pandemic and unemployment.

What is the connection between mental health and unemployment?

Unemployment – not having a job and actively seeking work – has consistently been found to have a negative impact on a range of health outcomes. There are several mechanisms by which unemployment could harm health:

• through stress and reduced self-esteem arising from the loss of the day-to-day structure of work or the stigma associated with unemployment
• as a result of financial hardship, insecurity and reduced future earnings potential, leaving people with stress (which damages health) 
• from the social security system itself, which can have a negative impact on mental health through the claims process, work capability testing and job search conditions.

The health consequences of unemployment have been shown to increase with duration – for mental health and life satisfaction as well as for physical health. Pandemic restrictions have led to extended periods of reduced income, job loss or unemployment, and the long duration of these circumstances is a particular cause for concern.

Policymakers’ interest in unemployment, particularly for young people, partly stems from the long-term scarring effect that a period of unemployment can have on future earnings potential. However, research also suggests that there are long-term mental health scarring effects of youth unemployment (and multiple spells of unemployment) during the life course.

The impact of rising unemployment on mental health

Forthcoming research by Thomson, Katikireddi et al explores the impact of job loss, income change and different economic and welfare policies on mental health. Using provisional estimates, it is possible to provide an indication of the impact on mental health of the predicted rise in unemployment by the coming winter.

OBR projections suggest that by the final quarter of 2021, the unemployment rate will reach 6.5%, equivalent to an additional 940,000 unemployed people in the UK compared with the last quarter of 2019. Based on the age profile of unemployment in the latest ONS data and the relationship identified in the Katikireddi’s research, we estimate this would result in an extra 200,000 people with poor mental health over the same period. In comparison, our analysis of the January wave of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) suggests that 700,000 unemployed people had poor mental health in January 2021. Taken together with the projected increase, this suggests a total of 800,000 unemployed people with poor mental health by the end of 2021.

Our estimate of the increase in poor mental health accounts for people moving from employment into unemployment and people remaining unemployed over this period. The same research highlights that (on average) moving into employment from unemployment helps reduce poor mental health, emphasising the need for policies that create jobs and help people find jobs. However, this is not true for all forms of work. Moving from unemployment into poor quality work can lead to a deterioration in mental health, as can adverse interactions with the social security system. Thus, increasing employment alone, without these wider considerations, cannot be relied upon to support the nation’s mental health recovery.

Unemployment and mental health during the pandemic

Rates of both unemployment and poor mental health have increased during the pandemic. Unemployment is expected to rise further throughout this year, peaking when furloughing ends. Deteriorating mental health has been partly due to the social impact of pandemic restrictions, but as our analysis has previously shown, it is also related to economic uncertainty, job loss and unemployment. With the economic consequences yet to be fully felt, a further deterioration in mental health for those bearing the brunt is likely.